Cybersecurity: Essential Guide for Beginners to Learn Basic Methods of Cybersecurity by George Henry

Author:George, Henry [George, Henry]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Published: 2020-01-22T16:00:00+00:00

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Cybersecurity of Critical Infrastructures

Regardless of the seeming risks associated with critical infrastructure, still, the security of industrial control systems (ICS) systems is not considered a significant investment area. Naedele (2007) claims that the expenses associated with the security of ICS are excessive, particularly in case of critical systems, when we cannot quantify the alleged risks to an enterprise or infrastructure, and a business case cannot be adequately articulated. Quite often, this results in an immature incident response-ability in the installed operative ICS, particularly within the SME (Small and medium-sized enterprises) supply chain. Larger infrastructures, on the other hand, suffer from the inadequate understanding of the deployed apparatuses like Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) or Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), Remote Terminal Units (RTU) and input/output (I/O) devices which are employed for managing electromechanical tools in either local or else distributed environments. This particular environment which pools big scale, geographically scattered, proprietary system components, offers major challenges to SOCs (Security Operation Centers) as well as to Cyber Emergency Response Teams.

Earlier, ICS were functioned as detached networks not connected to any public communication infrastructures; however, with the expansion of businesses using the data and services delivered through the Internet, such isolation that guarded these systems has reduced. The advantages provided by real-time monitoring, numerous sessions, concurrency, peer to peer communications, maintenance and redundancy have greatly improved the services provided for both operators and consumers. Furthermore, this interconnectedness is expected to increase with the execution of smart grids and implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT). Therefore, the formerly isolated systems are becoming more and more exposed to a variety of risks (Tzokatziou, Maglaras and Janicke). Apropos which, Byres, Eng and Fellow (2012) have cited that previously isolated ICS have now 11 direct connections on average across networks with frail network segmentation.

The focus of IT safety is normally to protect networked computer assets having shared attributes. However, Zhu, Joseph, and Sastry (2011) debated that the security of ICS requires a combination of traditional computer security as well as communication networking with control engineering. However, due to limitations of conventional IT security, control systems security and communications security, the efficiency of security of present ICS systems is still to be proven. Luallen (2015) reported observations of a survey conducted with 268 respondent organizations out of which most did not report precarious ICS assets and depended on their employees to identify issues, not tools .

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